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Capnography serves as a valuable tool in the assessment and monitoring of patients’ respiratory status in Emergency Medical Services (EMS). By measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in exhaled air, capnography provides real-time feedback on a patient’s ventilatory status, offering critical insights into the adequacy of ventilation and the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs. EMS providers can utilize capnography to assess the effectiveness of interventions such as bag-mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), ensuring that patients receive optimal respiratory support during emergency situations. Additionally, capnography can aid in the early detection of potential complications, such as airway obstruction, esophageal intubation, or hypoventilation, allowing for timely intervention to prevent further deterioration and improve patient outcomes.
The use of capnography is particularly valuable in confirming the success of endotracheal intubation, as it provides immediate feedback on the placement of the endotracheal tube within the trachea. A waveform capnogram showing a consistent and continuous waveform with an appropriate numerical value of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) indicates proper placement of the endotracheal tube in the trachea, while a sudden decrease or absence of the waveform may indicate accidental esophageal intubation or dislodgement of the tube. By incorporating capnography into their practice, EMS providers can enhance the quality of patient care, improve airway management outcomes, and ensure the delivery of timely and effective interventions in emergency situations.